{"id":543,"date":"2022-04-15T19:31:15","date_gmt":"2022-04-15T16:31:15","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/dgtanhukuk.com\/blog\/?p=543"},"modified":"2022-04-15T19:31:15","modified_gmt":"2022-04-15T16:31:15","slug":"muvazaali-saibeli-islemler","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/dgtanhukuk.com\/blog\/index.php\/2022\/04\/15\/muvazaali-saibeli-islemler\/","title":{"rendered":"Muvazaal\u0131 (\u015eaibeli) \u0130\u015flemler"},"content":{"rendered":"

Sevgili Okuyucular\u0131m,<\/p>\n

Nedir “muvazaa”?\u00a0 Bir hukuki ili\u015fkinin taraflar\u0131n\u0131n, \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc ki\u015fileri aldatmak amac\u0131yla ger\u00e7ek iradelerine uymayan ve kendi aralar\u0131nda h\u00fck\u00fcm ve sonu\u00e7 do\u011furmayan bir g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fc\u015f yaratmak konusunda yapt\u0131klar\u0131 gizli anla\u015fmaya denir.\u00a0 \u00a0Yani taraflar, ger\u00e7ek iradelerine uygun olarak yapt\u0131klar\u0131 s\u00f6zle\u015fmeyi iradelerine uymayan g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fc\u015fteki bir s\u00f6zle\u015fme ile sakl\u0131yor. \u00d6rnek olarak, ki\u015fi bir arkada\u015f\u0131na alt\u0131n saati ger\u00e7ekte ba\u011f\u0131\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131 halde, s\u0131rf e\u015fi ile uyu\u015fmazl\u0131k ya\u015famaktan ka\u00e7\u0131nmak i\u00e7in g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fc\u015fte satm\u0131\u015f gibi g\u00f6stermi\u015ftir.\u00a0 \u0130\u015fte bu \u00f6rnekte bir muvazaal\u0131 i\u015flem vard\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Peki ka\u00e7 t\u00fcrl\u00fc muvazaa vard\u0131r?\u00a0 \u0130ki t\u00fcrl\u00fc.\u00a0 Bunlar mutlak ve nisbi muvazaad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Mutlak Muvazaa, ki\u015filerin asl\u0131nda hi\u00e7bir i\u015flem yapmad\u0131klar\u0131 halde, s\u0131rf \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc ki\u015filere kar\u015f\u0131 bir i\u015flem yapm\u0131\u015f gibi g\u00f6r\u00fcnmek i\u00e7in i\u015flem yapmalar\u0131 haline denir. En yayg\u0131n \u00f6rne\u011fi bir insan\u0131n hacizden ka\u00e7mak amac\u0131yla mallar\u0131n\u0131 ba\u015fkalar\u0131na satm\u0131\u015f ve devretmi\u015f gibi g\u00f6stermesi \u015feklinde kar\u015f\u0131m\u0131za \u00e7\u0131k\u0131yor. Bor\u00e7lu bir ki\u015fi icra takibinden \u00e7\u0131kmak i\u00e7in bir mal\u0131n\u0131 arkada\u015f\u0131na satm\u0131\u015f gibi i\u015flem yap\u0131yor.<\/p>\n

Nisbi Muvazaa ise, ki\u015filerin aralar\u0131nda yapt\u0131klar\u0131 bir i\u015flemi, kendi ger\u00e7ek iradelerine uymayan ve s\u0131rf etraf\u0131 aldatma amac\u0131yla yapt\u0131klar\u0131 ba\u015fka bir i\u015flem alt\u0131na gizlemeleri \u015feklinde ifade ediliyor. Yani taraflar, ger\u00e7ek iradelerine uygun olarak yapt\u0131klar\u0131 s\u00f6zle\u015fmeyi iradelerine uymayan g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fc\u015fteki bir s\u00f6zle\u015fme ile sakl\u0131yor. Yukar\u0131da verdi\u011fim \u00f6rnekteki gibi, ki\u015fi bir arkada\u015f\u0131na alt\u0131n saati ger\u00e7ekte ba\u011f\u0131\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131 halde, e\u015fi ile uyu\u015fmazl\u0131k ya\u015famaktan ka\u00e7\u0131nmak i\u00e7in g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fc\u015fte satm\u0131\u015f gibi g\u00f6stermi\u015ftir. Buna s\u00f6zle\u015fmenin niteli\u011finde muvazaa denir. Genellikle tapu i\u015flemlerindeki vergi ya da har\u00e7 y\u00fck\u00fcn\u00fc hafifletmek i\u00e7in ta\u015f\u0131nmaz sat\u0131\u015f\u0131nda s\u0131kl\u0131kla kar\u015f\u0131la\u015f\u0131lan taraflarca bedelin ger\u00e7ek de\u011ferinden d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck g\u00f6sterilmesi de, bedelde muvazaa olarak adland\u0131r\u0131lan di\u011fer bir \u00f6rnektir. Ayr\u0131ca ki\u015fide muvazaa olarak adland\u0131r\u0131lan, ger\u00e7ekte s\u00f6zle\u015fmede taraf olan \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc bir ki\u015finin gizlenmesi amac\u0131yla di\u011fer bir ki\u015finin taraf olarak g\u00f6sterilmesi hali de nisb\u00ee muvazaa \u00f6rneklerindendir.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a><\/p>\n

Peki ne yapmal\u0131 muvazaa oldu\u011funda?<\/p>\n

Muvazaa davalar\u0131 di\u011fer ad\u0131yla dan\u0131\u015f\u0131kl\u0131 i\u015flem davalar\u0131, ger\u00e7ek olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 h\u00e2lde ger\u00e7ekmi\u015f gibi hukuki sonu\u00e7 do\u011furan i\u015flem ve tasarruflara ili\u015fkin a\u00e7\u0131lan iptal davalar\u0131d\u0131r. Muvazaa davalar\u0131 dedi\u011fimiz davalar genel olarak Bor\u00e7lar Kanunu ile \u0130cra ve \u0130flas Kanunu kapsam\u0131nda yap\u0131lan d\u00fczenlemelere dayanmaktad\u0131r. Bu davalarda g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fc\u015fteki i\u015flemin ger\u00e7ek i\u015flemi saklamak amac\u0131yla yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131, i\u015flemi tesis eden ki\u015finin maksad\u0131n\u0131 gizleyerek \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc ki\u015fileri yan\u0131ltmak amac\u0131yla i\u015flem tesis etti\u011fi ileri s\u00fcr\u00fclerek muvazaal\u0131 i\u015flemin iptali istenir.<\/p>\n

Muvazaa davalar\u0131nda davac\u0131 bu davay\u0131 a\u00e7mada hukuki yarar\u0131 bulunan ki\u015filer, daval\u0131 ise muvazaal\u0131 i\u015flemin taraf\u0131 olan, malvarl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 devreden ve devraland\u0131r. Mahkemelerin g\u00f6revi dava konusuna g\u00f6re belirlenir. 2004 say\u0131l\u0131 \u0130cra \u0130flas Kanunu 277 ve devam\u0131 maddelerine g\u00f6re a\u00e7\u0131lan tasarrufun iptali veya muris muvazaas\u0131 gibi davalarda genel g\u00f6revli mahkeme asliye hukuk mahkemesidir. Ta\u015f\u0131nmazlara ili\u015fkin davalarda, kesin yetki kural\u0131 gere\u011fi ta\u015f\u0131nmaz mal\u0131n bulundu\u011fu yer mahkemesi yetkilidir. Di\u011fer davalarda ise 6100 say\u0131l\u0131 Hukuk Muhakemeleri Kanunu\u2019nun genel h\u00fck\u00fcmlerine g\u00f6re bor\u00e7lu ya da \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc ki\u015finin ikametg\u00e2h\u0131n\u0131n bulundu\u011fu yer mahkemeleri yetkilidir.<\/p>\n

Muris Muvazaas\u0131nda; sakl\u0131 pay sahibi olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131na bak\u0131lmaks\u0131z\u0131n her miras\u00e7\u0131n\u0131n; mirastan mal ka\u00e7\u0131rmak amac\u0131yla yap\u0131lan ta\u015f\u0131nmaz devirleri aleyhinde muvazaal\u0131 s\u00f6zle\u015fmenin ge\u00e7ersiz oldu\u011funun tespitini ve tapu kayd\u0131n\u0131n iptalini isteme hakk\u0131 vard\u0131r. \u00a0Muris muvazaas\u0131 davalar\u0131nda davac\u0131 miras\u00e7\u0131, muvazaal\u0131 tasarruf i\u015fleminin iptali talebi ile birlikte dava konusu ta\u015f\u0131nmaz\u0131n kendi ad\u0131na tescili isteminde de bulunabilmektedir.<\/p>\n

Muris muvazaas\u0131 sebebiyle a\u00e7\u0131lacak olan tapu iptal ve tescil\u00a0davalar\u0131nda zamana\u015f\u0131m\u0131\u00a0s\u00f6z konusu olmuyor. Yani, muris muvazaas\u0131 sebebiyle tapu iptal ve tescil\u00a0davas\u0131\u00a0her zaman a\u00e7\u0131labilmektedir.<\/p>\n

Bor\u00e7lu muvazaas\u0131nda ise bor\u00e7lunun alacakl\u0131lar\u0131ndan mal varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ka\u00e7\u0131rma maksad\u0131yla yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 t\u00fcm k\u00f6t\u00fc niyetli tasarruf i\u015flemlerin h\u00fck\u00fcms\u00fcz say\u0131lmas\u0131 ve iptali istenebilmektedir. Bu davalar ile davaya konu tasarruf i\u015flemin iptal edilmesi yani hi\u00e7 yap\u0131lmam\u0131\u015f gibi kabul edilmesi ama\u00e7lanmaktad\u0131r. \u0130cra iflas Kanunu\u2019nun 277. ve devam\u0131 maddelerine dayal\u0131 tasarrufun iptali davas\u0131n\u0131n a\u00e7\u0131labilmesi i\u00e7in, \u00f6ncelikle alacakl\u0131 ile bor\u00e7lu aras\u0131nda ger\u00e7ek bir bor\u00e7 ili\u015fkisinin mevcut olmas\u0131, bor\u00e7lu hakk\u0131nda ba\u015flat\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olan icra takibinin kesinle\u015fmesi, aleyhinde icra takibi ba\u015flat\u0131lan ki\u015fi hakk\u0131nda kati veya ge\u00e7ici aciz vesikas\u0131n\u0131n olmas\u0131 ve iptali talep edilen tasarrufun, icra takibi konusu edilen borcun do\u011fum tarihinden sonra yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olmas\u0131 gibi \u015fartlar\u0131n bulunmas\u0131 gerekir.<\/p>\n

Her ne kadar muris\u00a0muvazaas\u0131\u00a0davalar\u0131 i\u00e7in bir\u00a0zamana\u015f\u0131m\u0131\u00a0ya da hak d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcr\u00fcc\u00fc s\u00fcre \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclmemi\u015f olmas\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131n,\u00a0bor\u00e7lu\u00a0muvazaas\u0131ndan kaynaklanan tasarrufun iptali davalar\u0131 hak d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcr\u00fcc\u00fc s\u00fcreye tabidir. \u0130cra iflas Kanunu\u2019nun 284. maddesinde \u201c\u0130ptal davas\u0131 hakk\u0131, bat\u0131l tasarrufun vukuu tarihinden itibaren be\u015f sene ge\u00e7mekle d\u00fc\u015fer<\/i>.\u201d d\u00fczenlemesi yer almaktad\u0131r. Buna g\u00f6re, ta\u015f\u0131nmaz\u0131n devrinin yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 tarihten itibaren be\u015f y\u0131l ge\u00e7mekle bor\u00e7lu\u00a0muvazaas\u0131ndan kaynaklanan tasarrufun iptali davas\u0131 a\u00e7ma hakk\u0131 d\u00fc\u015fer. Be\u015f y\u0131ldan sonra a\u00e7\u0131lacak bu nitelikteki bir dava, daval\u0131 itiraz etmese de mahkemece resen dikkate al\u0131n\u0131r ve dava s\u00fcreden reddedilir.<\/p>\n

Sorular\u0131n\u0131z\u0131 bekliyorum<\/p>\n

Sevgilerimle<\/p>\n

Avukat Gizem Tan<\/p>\n

instagram. avukatgizemtan_dgtanhukuk<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Sevgili Okuyucular\u0131m, Nedir “muvazaa”?\u00a0 Bir hukuki ili\u015fkinin taraflar\u0131n\u0131n, \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc ki\u015fileri aldatmak amac\u0131yla ger\u00e7ek iradelerine uymayan ve kendi aralar\u0131nda h\u00fck\u00fcm ve sonu\u00e7 do\u011furmayan bir g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fc\u015f yaratmak konusunda yapt\u0131klar\u0131 gizli anla\u015fmaya denir.\u00a0 \u00a0Yani taraflar, ger\u00e7ek iradelerine uygun olarak yapt\u0131klar\u0131 s\u00f6zle\u015fmeyi iradelerine uymayan g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fc\u015fteki bir s\u00f6zle\u015fme ile sakl\u0131yor. \u00d6rnek olarak, ki\u015fi bir arkada\u015f\u0131na alt\u0131n saati ger\u00e7ekte ba\u011f\u0131\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131 halde, […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-543","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-makaleler"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/dgtanhukuk.com\/blog\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/543","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/dgtanhukuk.com\/blog\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/dgtanhukuk.com\/blog\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dgtanhukuk.com\/blog\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dgtanhukuk.com\/blog\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=543"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/dgtanhukuk.com\/blog\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/543\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":545,"href":"https:\/\/dgtanhukuk.com\/blog\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/543\/revisions\/545"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/dgtanhukuk.com\/blog\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=543"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dgtanhukuk.com\/blog\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=543"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dgtanhukuk.com\/blog\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=543"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}